Mission+7+PG

     Discuss various contaminants that can be found in drinking water? Identify health issues related to unsafe drinking water? (fiber > 10 micrometers) ||  7 MFL (million fibers   per liter)  || Lung disease and cancer after lifetime exposure || Used in many building materials, including cement pipes in water supply systems || (petroleum product) ||  .005  || Anemia (low iron in blood); increased risk of cancer || Fumes and exhaust from gasoline and manufacturing chemicals; industrial discharge and spills; petroleum-refining industry; gas storage tanks; landfills || or .002 || Liver or nervous system problems; increased risk of cancer || Used for insect control on corn, citrus, fruits, nuts, vegetables; ornamentals; lawns; and roadsides || 0.00000003 || Reproductive difficulty; increased risk of cancer || Emission from waste incineration; discharge from chemical and paper-making factories || (methylmercury is more toxic than elemental mercury) ||  .002  || Kidney damage, respiratory failure (methylmercury causes impaired neurological development) || Discharge from refineries and factories; runoff from landfills and croplands; atmospheric deposition from power plants; erosion of natural deposits || Nitrite __<__ 1.0 || Shortness of breath; blue baby syndrome and possible death in infants || Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks; sewage; erosion from natural deposits || (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) ||  Zero or .0005 || Skin changes; thymus gland problems; immune deficiencies; reproductive or nervous system difficulties; increased risk of cancer || Runoff from landfills; discharge of waste chemicals; used as a fire retardant || or liver problems || Discharge from petroleum factories || Copper can cause liver and kidney damage. Its found in mine wastes, and erosion of natural deposits. Giardia lamblia can cause diarrhea, cramps and puking. Its found in human and animal wastes. Lead can cause delays in physical and mental development in babies and children. Its found in the rotted pipes and the erosion of natural deposits. Arsenic can cause s kin damage, problems with the circulatory system and it may increase your risk of getting cancer. Its found in the erosion of natural deposits, runoff from orchards and glass and electronics production wastes. Toluene can cause problems in the nervous system and cause kidney or liver problems. Its found in the waste from petroleum factories.
 * Potential Health Effects ||  Possible Source  ||
 * Arsenic ||  0.01  || Skin damage, problems with circulatory system; may increase risk of getting cancer || Erosion of natural deposits, runoff from orchards, and glass and electronics production wastes ||
 * Asbestos
 * Benzene
 * Chlordane ||  Zero
 * Copper ||  1.3  || Liver and kidney damage || Mine wastes; corrosion of household pipes; erosion of natural deposits ||
 * Dioxin ||  Zero or
 * Giardia lamblia ||  99.9% removal  || Diarrhea, cramps, vomiting || Human and animal fecal wastes ||
 * Lead ||  .015  || Delays in physical and mental development in infants and children; kidney problems, high blood pressure || Corrosion of household pipes, erosion of natural deposits ||
 * Mercury
 * Nitrate & Nitrite ||  Nitrate __<__ 10
 * PCB
 * Toluene ||  1.0  || Nervous system, kidney
 * Toxaphene ||  .003  || Central nervous system, kidney, thyroid, liver problems; increased risk of cancer || Runoff/leaching from pesticides used on cotton, vegetables, cattle, poultry ||
 * Turbidity ||  < 5 Turbidity Units  || Cloudiness in water; may contain disease-causing organisms ||

The process of how water is first flocculation. This step gets rids of dirt and other particles in the water. Aluminum and iron salts or synthetic organic polymers is added to the water, which forms tiny sticky particles called "floc" which attract the dirt particles. The next step is called sedimentation where the flocculated particles settle naturally out of the water. The step after this is called filtration where many water treatment facilities use filtration to remove all particles from the water. Those particles include clay, silt, natural organic matter, precipitates from other treatment processes in the facility, iron, and microorganisms. Filtration clarifies the water and enhances the effectiveness of disinfection. The fourth step is called disinfection. Disinfection of drinking water is considered to be one of the major health advances of the 20th century. Water is usually disinfected before it enters the water system to make sure that dangerous microbial contaminants are killed. Chlorine, chlorinates, or chlorine dioxides are the most often used because they are very effective, and small concentrations can be used in the water system.

You can tell weather you water safe to drink is to test your water once in a while to make sure there's no virus in it. Also if your water is cloudy or smells bad that's a major clue your water is probably unhealthy. Some tests you can do are Activated Carbon Filter (includes mixed media that remove heavy metals) Adsorbs organic contaminants that cause taste and odor problems.

Ion Exchange Unit Removes minerals, particularly calcium and magnesium that make water “hard” Some designs remove radium and barium Removes fluoride

Reverse Osmosis Unit Removes nitrates, sodium, other dissolved inorganics and organic compounds Removes foul tastes, smells or colors

Distillation Unit Removes nitrates, bacteria, sodium, hardness, dissolved solids, most organic compounds, heavy metals, and radionucleides Kills bacteria Does not remove some volatile organic contaminants, certain pesti- cides and volatile solvents Bacteria may recolonize on the cool- ing coils during inactive periods Dysons example of contaniments that can get into your drinking water Lead